Learning Targets
- Identify, describe and give examples of pure substances, compounds and elements.
- Identify the different kinds of mixtures.
How many elements are there?
Elements (about 114 right now known)
- An element is a substance made of only one type of atom.
- Most atoms are cooked up in stars by nuclear fusion. Many of the heavy ones are fused in supernova explosions
- About 24 elements are not natural - people made them in particle accelerators and under laboratory conditions
- You will need to learn the following elements symbols and their names: (Important) H, He, Li, Cl, B, C, H, O, N, Na, Mg, Zn
Elements, Atoms, Compounds, and Molecules
Definitions (IMPORTANT)
- Elements - substances that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical means Each element is represented by letters (e.g. H = hydrogen, C = carbon, etc...) Elements are organized into compounds and molecules.
- Molecule - two or more of the same element held together by chemical bonds. (e.g. O2)
- Compound - two or more different kinds of elements held together by chemical bonds. (e.g. NaCl)
Challenge Question: What is the biggest difference between an element and a compound?
What type of cereal would best model: an element? a compound?
What type of cereal would best model: an element? a compound?
Definitions (IMPORTANT)
- mixture solution
- suspension
- colloid
- homogeneous
- heterogeneous
Challenge Question: How are butter, snow globes and lemonade the same and different?
How is matter organized?
- Atoms are the smallest possible amount of an element.
- Atoms of the same element share similar chemical properties.
- Atoms are composed of subatomic particles:
- Electrons (e-, negatively charged) high energy, low mass
- Protons (p+, positively charged) low energy, high mass
- Neutrons (n0, neutral charge) low energy, high mass
- Protons and neutrons are packed into a dense core called a nucleus
- Positively charged protons are attracted to negatively charged electrons, but electrons have high amounts of energy, defying attraction to protons and spins around the nucleus.
- The three dimensional space electrons are found is called an orbital.
- Elements are defined by the atomic number and mass number.
- Atomic number = the number of protons in an atom
- Mass number = the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
- Examples - helium represented as He
- Atomic number = 2 (two protons)
- Mass number = 4 (two protons and 2 neutrons)
- Isotopes - atoms of an element that have the same atomic number but different mass number.
Periodic Table of Elements
Periodic Table Practice #1 Periodic Table Coloring
Students colored periodic groups/families. Families are the vertical (up and down) columns that contain elements with similar properties.
Period Table can be downloaded from the following link: http://elements.wlonk.com/Elements_Pics_Simple_11x8.5.pdf |
Coloring instructions were provided via the following presentations below:
Other practice examples can be found here:
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Why are those two periods/rows alone below the table?
Other fun periodic type data bases arranged by number and properties
Periodic Table Practice #2--Important element information decoded
Important features of any element on the periodic table.
Periodic Table Practice #3-- Trends
Practice identifying an unknown element using key feature of the periodic table based on the elements properties or proton number.
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How are isotopes different than regular elements?
Elements are defined by the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. Atoms of every element (except the simplest form of hydrogen) also contain neutrons. When an element's atoms have different numbers of neutrons they are said to be isotopes of that element.
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Isotope Practice
Students complete worksheet practicing atomic number, mass number,
Periodic Sentences
In this activity, students use a concept map linking key words about the Periodic table. They discuss relationships between words thus exploring and revealing their own understanding.
Students received a copy of Revision map for the Periodic Table and a Revising the Periodic table:
Students to:
Acknowledgement K. Taber, Chemical misconceptions – prevention, diagnosis and cure, Volume 2: classroom resources, Revising the Periodic Table. London: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2002.
Students received a copy of Revision map for the Periodic Table and a Revising the Periodic table:
Students to:
- work in pairs
- look carefully at the Revision map for the Periodic Table
- write sentences, on their Revising the Periodic table: Worksheet, that connect together the words in the boxes
- use the same sentence number in the table as on the line.
Acknowledgement K. Taber, Chemical misconceptions – prevention, diagnosis and cure, Volume 2: classroom resources, Revising the Periodic Table. London: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2002.
Resources
revision_map_for_the_periodic_table.doc | |
File Size: | 40 kb |
File Type: | doc |
revision_periodic_sentences.doc | |
File Size: | 44 kb |
File Type: | doc |
revision_periodic_sentence_examples.doc | |
File Size: | 33 kb |
File Type: | doc |
Elements in Living Things
There are six elements that frequently occur in organic matter:
CHONPS = Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur: |
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Chemical Galaxy
The objective is to show the shape of the whole and to express the beauty and cosmic reach of the periodic system. The traditional periodic table of the elements breaks the elements into
rows and columns as their physical and chemical properties repeat themselves. Since the elements are in a continuous series that
gradually increases in mass, an alternative, and maybe better way of displaying them might be as
the spiral. While the spiral version of the periodic table is uncommon, it is scientifically valid. The spiral pattern
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pbs-nova-hunting-the-elements-worksheet.pdf | |
File Size: | 492 kb |
File Type: |
elementcompmolorganiccomp.ppt | |
File Size: | 3215 kb |
File Type: | ppt |
Organic and Inorganic
Inorganic compounds
- Compounds that contain no carbon or if containing carbon, may also contain elements other than HNOPS
- Examples: water, salts, acids, and bases
- Compounds containing carbons and hydrogens are said to be organic
- The branch of chemistry that specializes in the study of carbon compounds is called organic chemistry
- Biologically organic compounds may contain (in addition to C,H,O,N) phosphorus, and sulfur.
- Types of organic compounds (Biological):
- Carbohydrates - composed of units called saccharides
- Lipids - composed of units called fatty acids
- Proteins - composed of units called amino acids
- Nucleic acids - composed of units called nucleotides
What are the elements of life?
Silicon chemistry could be an alternate chemistry of life in our universe
Life on earth is (as far as we know) exclusively carbon-based. Carbon is well known for its ability to form bonds with up to four other elements which allows it to form a wide variety of complicated molecules necessary for life. Another element, Silicon, is in the same family or group as carbon being right below it on the periodic table. Silicon has similar chemical properties to carbon that might allow the possibility of life in our universe to swap carbon in favor of silicon. The elements SHON could be an entirely alternate chemistry for life. This might sound strange but this could result in metallic or crystalline creatures
http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/S/siliconlife.html
http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/S/siliconlife.html
by jonathanorjack.
Explore more infographics like this one on the web's largest information design community - Visually.
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Learning Targets
Recognize the individual elements in the formula
Recognize the subscript as the number of atoms
Recognize the coefficients in a chemical equation
Recognize the subscript as the number of atoms
Recognize the coefficients in a chemical equation
Counting Atoms
Definitions (IMPORTANT)
- coefficient
- subscript
- compound
- chemical formula
How to Recognize the individual elements in the formula-Start at the left side of the formula and underline the Capital letter plus any lower case letter that occurs before the next capital letter in the formulaNaCl you will underline the NaNow continue with the remaining elements in the formulaNaCl this means that NaCl has two different elements in the formulaAnother example- NH4SO4-- you will underline the N, then the H, followed by the S and finally the O. That will give you 4 different elements in the chemical compoundHow to Recognize the Number of Atoms of an element in the formulaThe key is the subscript number written after the Element symbol in the formula; unless a subscript is absent and in this case it is understood that there is only 1 atomFe2S3 has 2 Fe atoms and 3 S atoms NaCl has 1 atom of Na and 1 atom of Cl
Challenge Question: How can you tell how many atoms make up a chemical formula?